Described in this site are:
- Albumin Tannate
- Attapulgite
- Bismuth Compounds
- Bran
- Chalk
- Difenoxin
- Diphenoxylate
- Ispaghula
- Kaolin
- Lidamidine
- Loperamide
- Racecadotril
- Smectites
- Zaldaride
Difenoxin
Drug Nomenclature
Difenoxin Hydrochloride
Drug Approvals
(British Approved Name Modified, rINNM)
INNs in main languages (French, Latin, and Spanish):
Drug Nomenclature
Profile
Difenoxin is the principal active metabolite of diphenoxylate and has similar actions and uses. It is given orally as the hydrochloride, but doses are in terms of the base difenoxin hydrochloride 1.1 mg is equivalent to about 1 mg of difenoxin.
In the treatment of diarrhoea, the usual dose in adults is the equivalent of difenoxin 2 mg initially, followed by 1 mg after each loose stool or every 3 to 4 hours as required, up to a maximum of 8 mg daily.
Preparations of difenoxin usually contain subclinical amounts of atropine sulfate in an attempt to discourage abuse.
Proprietary Preparations
USA: Motofen.
Lidamidine Hydrochloride
Drug Nomenclature
Profile
Lidamidine is an alpha2-adrenergic receptor stimulant used as the hydrochloride for the management of diarrhoea and other gastrointestinal disorders.
Proprietary Preparations
Mexico: Idealid ; Supra.
Racecadotril
Drug Nomenclature
Pharmacopoeias. In Europe.
European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Racecadotril). A white or almost white powder. Practically insoluble in water freely soluble in methyl alcohol and in dichloromethane.
Profile
Racecadotril is an enkephalinase inhibitor that inhibits the breakdown of endogenous opioids, thus reducing intestinal secretions. It is given orally in doses of 100 mg three times daily before meals for up to 7 days for the symptomatic management of acute diarrhoea.
The S-form of racecadotril (sinorphan, ecadotril — see Natriuretic Peptides) has been investigated for hypertension and heart failure.
Proprietary Preparations
Brazil: Tiorfan
France: Tiorfan
Germany: Tiorfan
Greece: Hidrasec
Indonesia: Hidrasec
Mexico: Hidrasec
Portugal: Tiorfan
Spain: Tiorfan
Thailand: Hidrasec
Venezuela: Hidrasec.
Smectites
Смектиты
ATC — A07BC05 (diosmectite).
ATC Vet — QA07BC05 (diosmectite).
Profile
Smectites are natural mineral clays composed mainly of aluminium silicates and include aluminium magnesium silicate, bentomte, and Fuller’s earth. They have adsorbent properties and some, such as dioctahedral smectite (diosmectite), have been used in the management of diarrhoea. They are also used as pharmaceutical excipients and in industry.
Preparations
Proprietary Preparations
Czech Republic: Smecta
France: Smecta
Germany: Colina
Greece: Smecta
Hong Kong: Smecta
Hungary: Smecta
Italy: Diosmectal Nodia
Malaysia: Smecta
Poland: Smecta
Russia: Smecta
Singapore: Smecta
Thailand: Smecta.
Multi-ingredient
Belgium: Barexal
Germany: Colina Spezial.
Zaldaride
Drug Nomenclature
Profile
Zaldaride is a calmodulin antagonist that has been investigated as the maleate for the treatment of diarrhoea.
Diarrhoea
Studies in patients with travellers’ diarrhea have indicated that zaldaride in oral doses of 20 mg as the maleate four times daily is an effective antidiarrhoeal. It was somewhat less effective than loperamide when given without a loading dose, but a regimen of 40 mg initially, followed by 20 mg, about every 6 hours was as effective as loperamide 4 mg initially followed by 2 mg after each unformed stool.
Jennifer is a clinical pharmacologist. She helps doctors of all medical specialties choose medications. Jennifer consults about drug dosage, interactions, and side effects.